Hari Ibu dan Kartini
Friday, December 22nd, 2006Selamat hari Ibu dan Kartini! lho?
saya pengen deh baca buku kumpulan surat Kartini yang berjudul "Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang"(titled, collected, published 7 year by JH Abendanon after Kartini died in 1904).
Ada yang punya? pinjem lebih murah deh kayaknya! hehehe…
Belakangan ini, penetapan tanggal kelahiran Kartini sebagai hari besar agak diperdebatkan. Dengan berbagai argumentasi, masing-masing pihak memberikan pendapat masing-masing. Masyarakat yang tidak begitu menyetujui, ada yang hanya tidak merayakan Hari Kartini namun merayakannya sekaligus dengan Hari Ibu pada tanggal 22 Desember. Alasan mereka adalah agar tidak pilih kasih dengan pahlawan-pahlawan wanita Indonesia lainnya. Dalam sejarah bangsa ini kita banyak mengenal nama-nama pahlawan wanita kita seperti Cut Nya’ Dhien, Cut Mutiah, Nyi. Ageng Serang, Dewi Sartika (jenis perjuangan yang sama dengan Kartini), Nyi Ahmad Dahlan, Ny. Walandouw Maramis, Christina Martha Tiahohu, dan lainnya.
International reference:
Kartini loved her father deeply although it is clear that her deep affection for him became yet another obstacle to the realisation of her ambitions. He was sufficiently progressive to allow his daughters schooling until the age of 12 but at that point the door to further schooling was firmly closed. In his letters, her father also expressed his affection for Kartini. Eventually, he gave permission for Kartini to study to become a teacher in Batavia (now Jakarta), although previously he had prevented her from continuing her studies in the Netherlands or entering medical school in Batavia.
Kartini’s desire to continue her studies in Europe was also expressed in her letters. Several of her pen friends worked on her behalf to support Kartini in this endeavour. And when finally Kartini’s ambition was thwarted, many of her friends expressed their disappointment. In the end her plans to study in the Netherlands were transmuted into plans to journey to Batavia on the advice of Mrs Abendanon that this would be best for Kartini and her younger sister, Rukmini.
Nevertheless, in 1903 at the age of 24, her plans to study to become a teacher in Batavia came to nothing. In a letter to Mrs Abendanon, Kartini wrote that the plan had been abandoned because she was going to be married… "In short, I no longer desire to take advantage of this opportunity, because I am to be married..". This was despite the fact that for its part, the Dutch Education Department had finally given permission for Kartini and Rukmini to study in Batavia.
As the wedding approached, Kartini’s attitude towards Javanese traditional customs began to change. She became more tolerant. She began to feel that her marriage would bring good fortune for her ambition to develop a school for native women. In her letters, Kartini mentioned that not only did her esteemed husband support her desire to develop the woodcarving industry in Jepara and the school for native women, but she also mentioned that she was going to write a book. Sadly, this ambition was unrealised as a result of her premature death in 1904 at the age of 25.
Inspired by Kartini’s example, the Van Deventer family established the Kartini Foundation which built schools for women, ‘Kartini’s Schools’ in Semarang in 1912, followed by other women’s schools in Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Malang, Madiun, Cirebon and other areas.
National reference:
Kartini hanya sempat memperoleh pendidikan sampai E.L.S. (Europese Lagere School) atau tingkat sekolah dasar. Setamat E.L.S, Kartini pun dipingit sebagaimana kebiasaan atau adat-istiadat yang berlaku di tempat kelahirannya dimana setelah seorang wanita menamatkan sekolah di tingkat sekolah dasar, gadis tersebut harus menjalani masa pingitan sampai tiba saatnya untuk menikah.
Sejak saat itu, dia pun berkeinginan dan bertekad untuk memajukan wanita bangsanya, Indonesia. Dan langkah untuk memajukan itu menurutnya bisa dicapai melalui pendidikan. Untuk merealisasikan cita-citanya itu, dia mengawalinya dengan mendirikan sekolah untuk anak gadis di daerah kelahirannya, Jepara. Di sekolah tersebut diajarkan pelajaran menjahit, menyulam, memasak, dan sebagainya. Semuanya itu diberikannya tanpa memungut bayaran alias cuma-cuma.